This targeted modification can be used in human gene therapy to correct harmful genetic mutations. The precise manipulation enables reconstruction of biological systems with enhanced or better features, e.g., genetically modified microbes, animals, and plants.

The cellular organization and architecture of the genomic material and its associated functions are revealed by manipulating chromatin and transcriptional regulation. The larger scale network of genes or proteins can be interrogated by multiplex genome editing which helps in the understanding of complex polygenic disorders. The function of specific genes or regulatory elements can be studied by insertion, deletion, or modification of the associated DNA sequences.

With advancements in genome engineering, it has become possible to edit the target genome at the systematic level under natural cellular conditions. The manipulation of DNA molecules to study genes and their applications in the field of biotechnology became possible through the development of recombinant DNA technology in the 1970s.

Machinery HDR Effects 3.1.4 free